SUPREME COURT OPINION ALERT: Public-Sector Unions May No Longer Force Nonmembers to Pay “Fair Share” Fees

Today, the Supreme Court decided a case called Janus, which involves whether public-sector unions (for employees such as teachers, police, firefighters, etc.) can require non-union employees to pay so-called “fair-share” fees to the union when the employees disagree with the political messages the union advocates.  (We previewed the case here.)  In a 5-4 decision, and in… Read More SUPREME COURT OPINION ALERT: Public-Sector Unions May No Longer Force Nonmembers to Pay “Fair Share” Fees

SUPREME COURT OPINION ALERT: Court Strikes Down California’s Restrictions on Pro-Life Pregnancy Centers

Today, the Supreme Court decided NIFLA v. Becerra, which involves whether a California law requiring so-called “pregnancy crisis centers” (pro-life medical facilities that provide a variety of services for pregnant women) to disclose abortion-related information violates the First Amendment.  (We previewed the case here.)  In a 5-4 decision, and in an opinion written by Justice Thomas, the Court… Read More SUPREME COURT OPINION ALERT: Court Strikes Down California’s Restrictions on Pro-Life Pregnancy Centers

Florida Man Wins Second Supreme Court Case in Five Years Against the City of Riviera Beach

A Florida man named Fane Lozman is on a roll.  (Yes, his first name is Fane; like ‘fame’ but with an ‘n’ instead of an ‘m’.)  In 2013, he won a lawsuit against the City of Riviera Beach at the United States Supreme Court.  And today, he won his second. In the mid-2000s, Fane was… Read More Florida Man Wins Second Supreme Court Case in Five Years Against the City of Riviera Beach

SUPREME COURT OPINION ALERT: Court Strikes Down Minnesota’s Ban on “Political” Attire at Polling Places

Today, the Supreme Court decided Minnesota Voters Alliance v. Mansky, which involves whether Minnesota’s ban on “political” apparel at polling places on election day violates the First Amendment.  (We previewed the case here.)  In a 7-2 decision, and in an opinion written by Chief Justice Roberts, the Court ruled against the state of Minnesota and struck… Read More SUPREME COURT OPINION ALERT: Court Strikes Down Minnesota’s Ban on “Political” Attire at Polling Places

Gag Order in Georgia Murder Trial Stuck Down

In February 2017, Ryan Duke was arrested and charged with the murder of Tara Grinstead, who went missing almost 12 years earlier.  Tara was a south Georgia high school teacher and beauty queen, and her disappearance and Duke’s subsequent trial attracted substantial media attention.  (Indeed, her murder has its own Wikipedia page.) Five days after… Read More Gag Order in Georgia Murder Trial Stuck Down

Individual TV Producers Allowed to Sue Private Operator of Public Access Channel Over Controversial Video

In New York, cable TV providers must provide their customers at least one public access channel.  A public access channel is one that is “designated for noncommercial use by the public on a first-come, first-served, nondiscriminatory basis.”  In Manhattan, a private non-profit corporation called Manhattan Neighborhood Network (MNN) operates one of Manhattan’s public access channels.… Read More Individual TV Producers Allowed to Sue Private Operator of Public Access Channel Over Controversial Video

Court Upholds Ohio’s “One Subject Only” Law for Voter Ballot Initiatives

Ohio, like most states, allows its state constitution to be amended via a “ballot initiative,” a proposed constitutional amendment that appears on the ballot state-wide and becomes part of the state constitution if it receives a simple majority of votes cast (other states require a supermajority). In 2016, a group of Ohio citizens wanted to… Read More Court Upholds Ohio’s “One Subject Only” Law for Voter Ballot Initiatives

Court Partially Strikes Down Campaign-Finance Laws of Austin, Texas

In the spirit of the 2018 midterms, campaign-finance laws in Austin, Texas were recently challenged by Donald Zimmerman, a former City Council member.  Specifically, he challenged three restrictions of a law enacted via a ballot initiative in 1997.  These three restrictions were (1) a $350 cap on contributions per contributor per election, (2) a prohibition… Read More Court Partially Strikes Down Campaign-Finance Laws of Austin, Texas

Texas May Not Prohibit Elected Officials from Endorsing “Sanctuary City” Policies

El Cenizo, Texas—a town of about 3,000 people—borders the Rio Grande in south central Texas.  Last year, it along with several other Texas cities (including Dallas, Houston, and Austin) sued the state of Texas over a controversial state law related to so-called “sanctuary city” policies. But before we get into the cities’ lawsuit, you have… Read More Texas May Not Prohibit Elected Officials from Endorsing “Sanctuary City” Policies

Baltimore’s Regulations for Pregnancy Center Held Unconstitutional

Once again, abortion and the First Amendment collide. The Greater Baltimore Center for Pregnancy Concerns (“CPC”) is a nonprofit Christian organization that provides free pregnancy services including pregnancy tests, sonograms, and childcare education.   It also provides fee childcare products such as diapers, clothing, and books.  In keeping with its religious mission, it does not offer… Read More Baltimore’s Regulations for Pregnancy Center Held Unconstitutional

California’s Credit-Card Surcharge Law Held Unconstitutional

Credit-card companies charge retailers a small percentage of every transaction paid for with a credit card.  Understandably, retailers can before frustrated by these charges and want to pass on the charges to consumers who choose to pay with credit cards. California—concerned that some consumers might be deceived by retailers who don’t clearly notify consumers of… Read More California’s Credit-Card Surcharge Law Held Unconstitutional

San Francisco’s Notice Requirement for Landlords Upheld

Landlords sometimes try to “buy out” their tenants—give them money in exchange for vacating the unit.  (This is also sometimes called a “no-fault eviction” because the landlord is trying to remove the tenant through no fault of the tenant.  And we’re guessing that landlords try to buyout tenants when it’s in the landlord’s financial interest… Read More San Francisco’s Notice Requirement for Landlords Upheld

Kentucky City Allowed to Prohibit Unsolicited Newspaper Distributions

In 2017, Lexington, Kentucky passed an ordinance that penalizes the distribution of unsolicited literature (pamphlets, ads, etc.) to households outside of six specific delivery methods of delivery.  The Herald-Leader, a news-media company in Lexington, publishes and distributes its Community News by leaving it on people’s driveway—not one of the six permitted methods—but allows residents to opt-out of delivery… Read More Kentucky City Allowed to Prohibit Unsolicited Newspaper Distributions

No First Amendment Right to Prostitution

In California, soliciting or engaging in prostitution is classified as “disorderly conduct,” a misdemeanor. A group called Erotic Service Provider Legal Education and Research Project (referred to as ESP), sued California, challenging this law.  ESP argued that the solicitation of prostitution is “speech,” and the statute unconstitutionally criminalizes it—violating the First Amendment.  The ESP argued… Read More No First Amendment Right to Prostitution

First Amendment Affirms Right to Protest at St. Patty’s Day Parade––Even When Vice President Pence Attends

Vice President Pence announced that he would attend the St. Patrick’s Day parade in Savannah, Georgia.  Accordingly, city officials––in collaboration with the Secret Service–– released a list of 29 items that would be prohibited at the parade.  Among those items were posters and signs that would presumably be used to protest against the Vice President. … Read More First Amendment Affirms Right to Protest at St. Patty’s Day Parade––Even When Vice President Pence Attends

Travel-Ban Protesters at Denver Airport Lose First Amendment Challenge

Early last year, protesters gathered at the Denver airport to express their opposition to President Trump’s executive order temporarily restricting people from several majority-Muslim countries from entering the United States—the so-called “travel ban.” At the time (and still today), a Denver ordinance requires anyone protesting at the Denver airport to first obtain a permit.  The… Read More Travel-Ban Protesters at Denver Airport Lose First Amendment Challenge

Court Upholds University of Alabama’s Permitting Scheme for On-Campus Speech

Rodney Keister is a traveling Christian evangelical.  He proselytizes by preaching and passing out literature on public sidewalks.  He also speaks and prays with people passing by.  (He appears to have an organization named Evangelism Mission.) Two years ago, he was proselytizing on the sidewalk near an intersection on the campus of the University of… Read More Court Upholds University of Alabama’s Permitting Scheme for On-Campus Speech

Idaho’s Ag-Gag Law Violates the First Amendment

Investigative journalism has always been a cornerstone of the freedom of the American press.  And, in 2012, an Idaho animal-rights activist investigated an Idaho dairy farm by getting a job there and then filming animal abuse that they witnessed.  Soon thereafter, the state enacted and enforced an “Ag-Gag” law (formally titled the Interference with Agriculture… Read More Idaho’s Ag-Gag Law Violates the First Amendment

Unconstitutional for Oregon School District to Ban Picketing & Signs During Teachers’ Strike

Medford, Oregon, about 30 miles from the California border, was the site in May 2012 of a planned teachers’ strike that ended up lasting 9 days.  During the strike, some high school students even took to the streets as a show of support for their teachers. About a week before the strike—knowing that it was coming—the school… Read More Unconstitutional for Oregon School District to Ban Picketing & Signs During Teachers’ Strike

California Permitting Scheme for Commercial Weddings Held Unconstitutional

Michael Fowler and his company Epona, LLC (of which he is the sole member) own  a 40-acre piece of land located in Ventura County, in southwest California.  Though the land is zoned for agricultural use, Fowler built a garden on the property he wanted to use to host weddings and related events. A county ordinance… Read More California Permitting Scheme for Commercial Weddings Held Unconstitutional

Unconstitutional for Police to Detain California Man for Being “Argumentative”

Law-enforcement officers showed up at the house of Merritt Sharp, looking for his son, for whom the officers had an arrest warrant.  They mistook Sharp for his son, arrested Sharp, and put him in the back of their squad car.  Sharp was livid, “loudly swearing” and “threatening to sue them.” A few minutes later, the… Read More Unconstitutional for Police to Detain California Man for Being “Argumentative”

Court Upholds Montana Ban on Judicial Candidates’ from Seeking Political Endorsements

This is the second case in as many months dealing with Montana’s campaign-finance laws. In Montana, judges are picked by popular election.  Judicial candidates can’t seek or use partisan political endorsements in their campaigns.  In 2014, Sanders County judicial candidate Mark French received the endorsement of the Sanders County Republican Committee as well as endorsements… Read More Court Upholds Montana Ban on Judicial Candidates’ from Seeking Political Endorsements

Nevada School-Uniform Policy Held Unconstitutional

The Fruddens, who live in Reno, Nevada, sent their children to Roy Gomm Elementary School for grades K-6.  Before the 2011-2012 school year, the school enacted a new uniform policy which required students to wear red or navy-blue polo t-shirts or sweatshirts, as well as khaki-colored “bottoms” such as pants, capris, shorts, or skirts.  The… Read More Nevada School-Uniform Policy Held Unconstitutional

First Amendment Protects Offensive Food Truck Logo

A food truck called “The Wandering Dago” wanted to sell some food at a public plaza in Albany, New York.  However, New York’s Office of General Services denied the food truck’s application to set up shop.  (A “dago” is slur, used disparagingly toward those of Italian descent, and sometimes Spanish and Portuguese.)  The food truck… Read More First Amendment Protects Offensive Food Truck Logo

Court Upholds Federal Limit on Per-Election Campaign Contributions

Laura Holmes and Paul Jost—a married couple who appear to have done political fundraising in the past—challenged a federal law’s per-election ceilings on First Amendment grounds.  That law limits the amount that an individual can contribute to a candidate for a federal office (such as a presidential candidate).  The per-individual limit is $2600.  That same federal… Read More Court Upholds Federal Limit on Per-Election Campaign Contributions

Feds May Obtain Anonymous Website Reviewer Personal Info

Glassdoor.com is a website operating with the goal of ensuring transparency between employers and employees.  There, employees of various companies can anonymously share information about their employer including interviewing practices, salaries, and the overall employer environment. Before posting any employer reviews, employees are asked for their email address and told that their information will be… Read More Feds May Obtain Anonymous Website Reviewer Personal Info

Federal Government Cannot Prohibit “FUCT” Trademark

You may remember the Supreme Court case from last summer in which the high court unanimously agreed that the Federal Government could not prohibit an all-Asian-American band from trademarking its band name, “The Slants.”  The Court struck down as unconstitutional the law that prohibits “disparaging” trademarks.  We noted earlier that the same federal law also prohibits “scandalous”… Read More Federal Government Cannot Prohibit “FUCT” Trademark

Montana’s Campaign Contribution Limits Upheld

This is another post-Citizens United challenge to campaign-finance laws. In 1994, voters in Montana passed a state initiative known simply as “Initiative 118,” which altered limits on campaign contributions in state elections.  These changes included reducing the amount of money individuals and PACs could contribute to candidates (direct contributions) and increasing the amount of money… Read More Montana’s Campaign Contribution Limits Upheld

Connecticut Man’s Threat to Younger Brother Not Protected

In Danbury, Connecticut, about 60 miles northwest of Manhattan, Michael Pelella (31) and his little brother (22) lived at their mom’s house.  When Pelella’s little brother said that he wanted to move up to the attic, Pelella objected—purportedly because Pelella had some of his stuff up in the attic.  Pelella allegedly told his little brother,… Read More Connecticut Man’s Threat to Younger Brother Not Protected

Ohio Okay to Require Disclosure of HIV-Positive Status Before Sex

Orlando Batista had sex with his girlfriend and did not tell her that he was HIV positive, which he knew that he was.  Two months later, she learned from one of his family members  that he had HIV.  Unsurprisingly, she was not happy.  That’s when the police got involved.  Batista was charged with felony assault… Read More Ohio Okay to Require Disclosure of HIV-Positive Status Before Sex

Baltimore DA Allowed to Fire Assistant DA for Supporting Political Opponent

Keri Borzilleri was an Assistant State’s Attorney in Baltimore when elections were held for the office of State’s Attorney (her superior’s office) in 2014.  In the Democratic primaries of that election, Borzilleri publicly supported incumbent Gregg Bernstein over his challenger Marilyn Mosby who won the primaries and, in November, the general election.  A day after… Read More Baltimore DA Allowed to Fire Assistant DA for Supporting Political Opponent

California Allowed to Ban Liquor Advertising in Liquor Stores

Huh? Banning liquor ads in liquor stores? Yes. That’s what California does. The state law goes back several decades to when (apparently) large alcohol manufacturers tried to use their market power to control distributors and retailers.  That law is still on the books, and is part of California’s three-tiered market system for alcohol: manufacture, distribution, and… Read More California Allowed to Ban Liquor Advertising in Liquor Stores

Police Okay to Remove Protesters from Missouri Highway Overpass

This is another highway-overpass-protests case. In 2013, in St. Charles, Missouri — about 30 minutes northwest of St. Louis — Jimmy Duane Weed participated in a protest of President Obama’s policies on a highway overpass.  Weed and his fellow protestors held signs directed at the traffic beneath them. After the protestors arrived on the overpass,… Read More Police Okay to Remove Protesters from Missouri Highway Overpass

Court Upholds Ordinance Banning Signs From Wisconsin Freeway Overpass

Gregory Luce and Nicholas Newman, two members of the local Tea Party, placed  banners bearing messages such as “HONK TO IMPEACH OBAMA” on a pedestrian overpass in Wisconsin.  After receiving complaints, the local municipal legislature enacted an ordinance forbidding all signs, flags, and banners (other than traffic-control information) on certain overpasses, or within 100 feet… Read More Court Upholds Ordinance Banning Signs From Wisconsin Freeway Overpass

Chicago May Ban Women from Exposing Breasts in Public

In August 2014, Sonoko Tagami was in Chicago participating in GoTopless Day—an annual celebration of women’s suffrage.  The police cited her for violating a city ordinance prohibiting public nudity. The City of Chicago’s public-nudity ordinance is quite specific.  It prohibits appearing in public “in such a manner that the genitals, vulva, pubis, pubic hair, buttocks, perineum, anus,… Read More Chicago May Ban Women from Exposing Breasts in Public

Kansas Police Okay to Stop Suspect’s Prayer to Arrest Her

[UPDATE: On June 28, 2018, the Supreme Court reversed the decision described below.] Two police officers went to the home of Mary Anne Sause in Louisburg, Kansas, 40 miles south of Kansas City, to investigate a noise complaint.  Sause eventually invited them inside.  Sause mentioned the Constitution and Bill of Rights, for which the officers… Read More Kansas Police Okay to Stop Suspect’s Prayer to Arrest Her

Gag Order in Comic-Con Trademark Case Violates First Amendment

The San Diego Comic Con (“con” is short for “convention”) is an international convention held each summer in San Diego, California.  Attendance in recent years has been around 130,000. The San Diego Comic Conn (or SDCC for short) sued Dan Farr Productions, the producers of the “Salt Lake Comic Con”—a similar convention but half the… Read More Gag Order in Comic-Con Trademark Case Violates First Amendment

Constitutional for Georgia Man to Give Church Pastor the Finger

This is another case involving the constitutionality of laws that criminalize “disorderly conduct,” this time in Georgia. David Freeman attended a church service and sat in the back. During the service, the pastor asked all teachers present to stand up so that the congregation could recognize and pray for them. Freeman stood up with the… Read More Constitutional for Georgia Man to Give Church Pastor the Finger

Washington Sexting Law Held Constitutional

In Washington State, minor who engage in “sexting”—texting sexually explicit images of oneself to another—can be convicted of child-pornography distribution. (Fair warning: this blog post contains sexually explicit language; we don’t hold back.) Eric Gray, a 17-year-old male, sent an adult woman an unsolicited picture of his erect penis. Accompanying the picture was a message… Read More Washington Sexting Law Held Constitutional

Miami Beach’s Anti-Handbilling Ordinance Faces First Amendment Challenge

Solicitation by hand-billing.  We’ve all seen it.  Recently, the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the right of businesses in Miami Beach to solicit business via handbilling, even after complaints that hand-billers were annoying and aggressive. Due to these complaints, the City of Miami Beach enacted an anti-solicitation ordinance and an anti-handbilling ordinance. After receiving numerous citations, several… Read More Miami Beach’s Anti-Handbilling Ordinance Faces First Amendment Challenge

Part of Minnesota’s Disorderly-Conduct Law Held Unconstitutional

Little Falls is a small town along the Mississippi River in central Minnesota. Robin Hensel attended two City Council meetings. She sat in the front row and displayed large signs depicting dead and deformed children, thus blocking the view of some members of the public. The first City Council meeting was adjourned and rescheduled, but Hensel… Read More Part of Minnesota’s Disorderly-Conduct Law Held Unconstitutional

Indiana County Was Wrong to Shut Down Pro-Marijuana Group Rally on Courthouse Steps

So this case is an interesting story about a government failing to accomplish its goals, and a 1999 nativity scene now in the back of a pickup truck. (No, this is not a religion case.) Tippecanoe County in central Indiana is home to Lafayette, West Lafayette, and Purdue University. Back in 1999, the county got… Read More Indiana County Was Wrong to Shut Down Pro-Marijuana Group Rally on Courthouse Steps

Maine Allowed to Limit Noise Outside Abortion Clinics

Like most states, Maine is no stranger to abortion-related protests–both pro-life and pro-choice. Sometimes these protests can turn violent. In 1995, Maine enacted a law making it illegal to make noise that can be heard inside a building with the intent “to jeopardize the health of persons receiving health services within the building,” or with… Read More Maine Allowed to Limit Noise Outside Abortion Clinics

South Dakota Official Excluded from Town Board Meetings

Mary Lee is the elected Clerk for Mathews Township–a small, rural town in South Dakota. She also owns land through which a creek runs before running underneath a nearby street via culverts. The creek flooded in 2011, requiring the town to replace the culverts. Mary and her husband wanted the culverts to be bigger–presumably to accommodate… Read More South Dakota Official Excluded from Town Board Meetings

Georgia School Board’s Pre-Meeting Screening Process Held Unconstitutional

Jim Barrett is a social-studies teacher at Saddle Ridge Middle School in rural northwest Georgia. He wanted to attend a school-board meeting and express views critical of the board and the superintendent–specifically about a new grading policy that Damon Raines, the superintendent, had implemented without any action by the board. The school board has a… Read More Georgia School Board’s Pre-Meeting Screening Process Held Unconstitutional

San Francisco’s Labeling Law for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Found Unconstitutional

San Francisco requires that ads for sugar-sweetened beverages (e.g., soda, pop, whatever you call it) carry a message stating, “Warning: Drinking beverages with added sugar(s) contributes to obesity, diabetes, and tooth decay. This is a message from the City and County of San Francisco.” The message must take up 20% of the ad and be outlined by… Read More San Francisco’s Labeling Law for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Found Unconstitutional